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Lee Lup Yuen 2023-07-28 07:03:33 +08:00
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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"scratch",
"syn 2.0.15",
"syn 2.0.27",
]
[[package]]
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ checksum = "2345488264226bf682893e25de0769f3360aac9957980ec49361b083ddaa5bc5"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 2.0.15",
"syn 2.0.27",
]
[[package]]
@ -244,18 +244,18 @@ checksum = "478c572c3d73181ff3c2539045f6eb99e5491218eae919370993b890cdbdd98e"
[[package]]
name = "proc-macro2"
version = "1.0.56"
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dependencies = [
"unicode-ident",
]
[[package]]
name = "quote"
version = "1.0.26"
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dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
]
@ -274,22 +274,22 @@ checksum = "1792db035ce95be60c3f8853017b3999209281c24e2ba5bc8e59bf97a0c590c1"
[[package]]
name = "serde"
version = "1.0.160"
version = "1.0.176"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "bb2f3770c8bce3bcda7e149193a069a0f4365bda1fa5cd88e03bca26afc1216c"
checksum = "76dc28c9523c5d70816e393136b86d48909cfb27cecaa902d338c19ed47164dc"
dependencies = [
"serde_derive",
]
[[package]]
name = "serde_derive"
version = "1.0.160"
version = "1.0.176"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "291a097c63d8497e00160b166a967a4a79c64f3facdd01cbd7502231688d77df"
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dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 2.0.15",
"syn 2.0.27",
]
[[package]]
@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ dependencies = [
[[package]]
name = "syn"
version = "2.0.15"
version = "2.0.27"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "a34fcf3e8b60f57e6a14301a2e916d323af98b0ea63c599441eec8558660c822"
checksum = "b60f673f44a8255b9c8c657daf66a596d435f2da81a555b06dc644d080ba45e0"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",

2
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@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
sitemap = "0.4.1"
serde = { version = "1.0.110", features = ["derive"] }
serde = { version = "1.0.176", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = "1.0.53"
chrono = "0.4.11"

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lupyuen.pdf
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resume.json
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@ -156,6 +156,13 @@
}
],
"publications": [
{
"name": "Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Semihosting and Initial RAM Disk",
"publisher": "lupyuen.github.io",
"releaseDate": "2023-07-28",
"website": "https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/semihost",
"summary": "Apache NuttX RTOS crashes on Pine64's Star64 JH7110 RISC-V SBC because there's no Semihosting. But no worries! We modified NuttX to boot with an Initial RAM Disk instead (initrd)."
},
{
"name": "Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Privilege Levels and UART Registers",
"publisher": "lupyuen.github.io",

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rss.xml
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@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
<title>lupyuen</title>
<link>https://lupyuen.github.io</link>
<description>IoT Techie and Educator</description>
<item>
<title>Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Semihosting and Initial RAM Disk</title>
<link>https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/semihost</link>
<description><![CDATA[Apache NuttX RTOS crashes on Pine64's Star64 JH7110 RISC-V SBC because there's no Semihosting. But no worries! We modified NuttX to boot with an Initial RAM Disk instead (initrd).]]></description>
<guid>https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/semihost</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
</item>
<item>
<title>Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Privilege Levels and UART Registers</title>
<link>https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/privilege</link>

4
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@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
content="Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Semihosting and Initial RAM Disk"
data-rh="true">
<meta property="og:description"
content=""
content="Apache NuttX RTOS crashes on Pine64's Star64 JH7110 RISC-V SBC because there's no Semihosting. But no worries! We modified NuttX to boot with an Initial RAM Disk instead (initrd)."
data-rh="true">
<meta name="description"
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content="Apache NuttX RTOS crashes on Pine64's Star64 JH7110 RISC-V SBC because there's no Semihosting. But no worries! We modified NuttX to boot with an Initial RAM Disk instead (initrd).">
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content="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/semihost-title.jpg">
<meta property="og:type"

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@ -2,15 +2,19 @@
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<url>
<loc>https://lupyuen.github.io/</loc>
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Star64 JH7110 + NuttX RTOS: RISC-V Semihosting and Initial RAM Disk
📝 _2 Aug 2023_
📝 _28 Jul 2023_
![Booting NuttX on Star64 with Initial RAM Disk](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/semihost-title.jpg)
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ In this article, we find out...
- Why it crashes [__Apache NuttX RTOS__](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/nuttx2) on Star64
- What's the __Apps Filesystem__ for NuttX
- How it affects the __Apps Filesystem__ in NuttX
- How we replaced Semihosting by __Initial RAM Disk "initrd"__ (pic above)
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ int mount_ramdisk(void) {
(More about ROMFS in a while)
We copied the RAM Disk from __`0x8400` `0000`__ to __ramdisk_start__: [qemu_rv_mm_init.c](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/ramdisk/arch/risc-v/src/qemu-rv/qemu_rv_mm_init.c#L271-L280)
Before mounting, we copy the RAM Disk from __`0x8400` `0000`__ to __ramdisk_start__: [qemu_rv_mm_init.c](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/ramdisk/arch/risc-v/src/qemu-rv/qemu_rv_mm_init.c#L271-L280)
```c
void qemu_rv_kernel_mappings(void) {
@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ _What's ROMFS?_
We could have used a FAT or EXT4 or NTFS Filesystem... But ROMFS is a lot simpler for NuttX.
[(__ROMFS__ in NuttX)](https://nuttx.apache.org/docs/latest/components/filesystem.html)
[(More about __ROMFS in NuttX__)](https://nuttx.apache.org/docs/latest/components/filesystem.html)
_Why did we copy the RAM Disk from __`0x8400` `0000`__?_
@ -751,16 +751,30 @@ nx_start: CPU0: Beginning Idle Loop
[(See the __Output Log__)](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/releases/tag/star64c-0.0.1)
So many questions...
So many questions (pic below)...
- Why no __NuttX Shell__?
- Why did __nx_start_application__ quit with "__`ret=3`__"?
- Was NuttX Shell started correctly?
([__nx_start_application__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/sched/init/nx_bringup.c#L297-L299) returned Process ID 3, seems OK)
- Is __Console Output__ working in NuttX Shell?
(Highly sus!)
- Are we using the right [__User Address Space__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/qemu-rv/rv-virt/include/board_memorymap.h#L33-L38)?
And the right [__I/O Address Space__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/arch/risc-v/src/qemu-rv/qemu_rv_mm_init.c#L42-L47)?
- How to handle [__RISC-V Timers in Supervisor Mode__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/arch/risc-v/src/qemu-rv/qemu_rv_timerisr.c#L151-L210)?
Do we need [__OpenSBI Timers__](https://github.com/riscv-non-isa/riscv-sbi-doc/blob/master/riscv-sbi.adoc#timer-extension-eid-0x54494d45-time)?
We'll find out in the next article!
(__TODO:__ Test Initial RAM Disk with MicroSD Card)
![NuttX Star64 with Initial RAM Disk](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/semihost-runstar64.png)
# What's Next
@ -787,6 +801,10 @@ No more __Semihosting Problems__ with NuttX on Star64 JH7110 SBC!
(Which we also tested on __QEMU Emulator__)
- Now we need to figure out why __NuttX Shell__ won't start
(Please join me next time!)
Many Thanks to my [__GitHub Sponsors__](https://github.com/sponsors/lupyuen) for supporting my work! This article wouldn't have been possible without your support.
- [__Sponsor me a coffee__](https://github.com/sponsors/lupyuen)
@ -917,6 +935,35 @@ NuttX now boots with our Initial RAM Disk over TFTP...
- [__"NuttX Star64 with Initial RAM Disk"__](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/semihost#nuttx-star64-with-initial-ram-disk)
Here's the __U-Boot Log__...
```text
TFTP from server 192.168.x.x; our IP address is 192.168.x.x
Filename 'Image'.
Load address: 0x40200000
Loading: 9 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 2097800 (200288 hex)
Using ethernet@16030000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.x.x; our IP address is 192.168.x.x
Filename 'jh7110-star64-pine64.dtb'.
Load address: 0x46000000
Loading: 8 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 50235 (c43b hex)
Using ethernet@16030000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.x.x; our IP address is 192.168.x.x
Filename 'initrd'.
Load address: 0x46100000
Loading: 371.1 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 7930880 (790400 hex)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 46000000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x46000000
Using Device Tree in place at 0000000046000000, end 000000004600f43a
Starting kernel ...
```
_What if we omit the RAM Disk Size?_
U-Boot won't boot NuttX if we omit the RAM Disk Size...
@ -974,11 +1021,11 @@ Here are the steps for updating the NuttX Build Configuration in `make menuconfi
CONFIG_INIT_MOUNT_SOURCE=""
```
The updated Build Configuration Files...
The steps above will produce the updated Build Configuration Files...
- NuttX QEMU: [__knsh64/defconfig__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/ramdisk/boards/risc-v/qemu-rv/rv-virt/configs/knsh64/defconfig)
- __NuttX for QEMU:__ [__knsh64/defconfig__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/ramdisk/boards/risc-v/qemu-rv/rv-virt/configs/knsh64/defconfig)
- NuttX Star64: [__knsh64/defconfig__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/qemu-rv/rv-virt/configs/knsh64/defconfig)
- __NuttX for Star64:__ [__knsh64/defconfig__](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/qemu-rv/rv-virt/configs/knsh64/defconfig)
# Appendix: RAM Disk Address for RISC-V QEMU
@ -1003,7 +1050,7 @@ qemu-system-riscv64 \
-trace "*"
```
In the QEMU Command above we loaded the Initial RAM Disk __initrd__.
In the QEMU Command above, we load the Initial RAM Disk __initrd__.
To discover the RAM Address of the Initial RAM Disk, we check the __QEMU Trace Log__...
@ -1069,7 +1116,7 @@ Earlier we modified NuttX QEMU and NuttX Star64 to load our __Initial RAM Disk__
We did it with plenty of guidance from NuttX on __LiteX Arty-A7__, below is our Detailed Analysis.
First we look at the Initial RAM Disk for LiteX Arty-A7. To generate the RAM Disk, we run this command...
To __generate the RAM Disk__ for LiteX Arty-A7, we run this command...
```bash
## Generate the Initial RAM Disk `romfs.img`
@ -1084,7 +1131,7 @@ genromfs \
[(Source)](https://nuttx.apache.org/docs/latest/platforms/risc-v/litex/cores/vexriscv_smp/index.html)
[(About `genromfs`)](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/genromfs.8.html)
[(About __genromfs__)](https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man8/genromfs.8.html)
[(About NuttX RAM Disks and ROM Disks)](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/plugins/servlet/mobile?contentId=139629548#content/view/139629548)
@ -1125,20 +1172,20 @@ CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT not set
CONFIG_FS_ROMFS enabled
```
The RAM Disk is mounted at __LiteX Startup__: [litex_appinit.c](https://github.com/apache/nuttx/blob/master/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/src/litex_appinit.c#L76-L103)
We mount the RAM Disk at __LiteX Startup__: [litex_appinit.c](https://github.com/apache/nuttx/blob/master/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/src/litex_appinit.c#L76-L103)
```c
void board_late_initialize(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_LITEX_APPLICATION_RAMDISK
#ifdef CONFIG_LITEX_APPLICATION_RAMDISK
litex_mount_ramdisk();
#endif
#endif
litex_bringup();
}
```
`litex_bringup` mounts the RAM Disk at startup: [litex_ramdisk.c](https://github.com/apache/nuttx/blob/master/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/src/litex_ramdisk.c#L41-L98)
Which calls __litex_mount_ramdisk__ to mount the RAM Disk: [litex_ramdisk.c](https://github.com/apache/nuttx/blob/master/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/src/litex_ramdisk.c#L41-L98)
```c
#ifndef CONFIG_BUILD_KERNEL
@ -1177,7 +1224,7 @@ int litex_mount_ramdisk(void)
}
```
`__ramdisk_start` is defined in the __LiteX Memory Map__: [board_memorymap.h](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/include/board_memorymap.h#L58-L91)
__ramdisk_start__ and __ramdisk_size__ are defined in the __LiteX Memory Map__: [board_memorymap.h](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/include/board_memorymap.h#L58-L91)
```c
/* RAMDisk */
@ -1189,7 +1236,7 @@ extern uint8_t __ramdisk_start[];
extern uint8_t __ramdisk_size[];
```
And the __LiteX Linker Script__: [ld-kernel.script](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/ld-kernel.script#L20-L49)
And also in the __LiteX Linker Script__: [ld-kernel.script](https://github.com/lupyuen2/wip-pinephone-nuttx/blob/star64c/boards/risc-v/litex/arty_a7/scripts/ld-kernel.script#L20-L49)
```text
MEMORY
@ -1210,4 +1257,4 @@ __ramdisk_size = LENGTH(ramdisk);
__ramdisk_end = ORIGIN(ramdisk) + LENGTH(ramdisk);
```
Note that `__pgheap_size` needs to include `ramdisk`.
Note that __pgheap_size__ needs to include __ramdisk__ size.