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@ -610,44 +610,137 @@ static void PrepareTxFrame( void ) {
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-tx6.png" alt="Sending a LoRaWAN Data Packet" /></p>
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<h2 id="message-size" class="section-header"><a href="#message-size">9.1 Message Size</a></h2>
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<p><em>What’s the Maximum Message Size</em></p>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<p>From <a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/lorawan_test/blob/main/lorawan_test_main.c#L58-L70">lorawan_test_main.c</a></p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>/*!
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* LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate
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*
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* \remark Please note that when ADR is enabled the end-device should be static
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*/
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#define LORAWAN_ADR_STATE LORAMAC_HANDLER_ADR_OFF
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<p>The <strong>Maximum Message (Payload) Size</strong> depends on…</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><strong>LoRaWAN Data Rate</strong> (like Data Rate 2 or 3)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>LoRaWAN Region</strong> (AS923 for Asia, AU915 for Australia / Brazil / New Zealand, EU868 for Europe, US915 for US, …)</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequencies-by-country.html">(See this)</a></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Our LoRaWAN Test App uses <strong>Data Rate 3</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/lorawan_test/blob/main/lorawan_test_main.c#L58-L70">lorawan_test_main.c</a></p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>// LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate
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// Please note that when ADR is enabled the end-device should be static
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#define LORAWAN_ADR_STATE LORAMAC_HANDLER_ADR_OFF
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/*!
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* Default datarate
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*
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* \remark Please note that LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE is used only when ADR is disabled
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*/
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#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE DR_3</code></pre></div><h2 id="message-interval" class="section-header"><a href="#message-interval">9.2 Message Interval</a></h2>
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<p><em>How often do we send data to the LoRaWAN Network?</em></p>
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// Default Data Rate
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// Please note that LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE is used only when ADR is disabled
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#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE DR_3</code></pre></div>
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<p>But there’s a catch: The <strong>First Message Transmitted</strong> (after joining LoRaWAN) will have <strong>Data Rate 2</strong> (instead of Data Rate 3)!</p>
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<p>(We’ll see this in the upcoming demo)</p>
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<p>For Data Rates 2 and 3, the <strong>Maximum Message (Payload) Sizes</strong> are…</p>
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<div><table><thead><tr><th align="center">Region</th><th align="center">Data Rate</th><th align="center">Max Payload Size</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td align="center"><strong>AS923</strong></td><td align="center">DR 2 <br> DR 3</td><td align="center">11 bytes <br> 53 bytes</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center"><strong>AU915</strong></td><td align="center">DR 2 <br> DR 3</td><td align="center">11 bytes <br> 53 bytes</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center"><strong>EU868</strong></td><td align="center">DR 2 <br> DR 3</td><td align="center">51 bytes <br> 115 bytes</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center"><strong>US915</strong></td><td align="center">DR 2 <br> DR 3</td><td align="center">125 bytes <br> 222 bytes</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p><a href="https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/">(Based on LoRaWAN Regional Parameters)</a></p>
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<p>Our LoRaWAN Test App sends a Message Payload of <strong>9 bytes</strong>, so it should work fine for Data Rates 2 and 3 across all LoRaWAN Regions.</p>
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-tx5a.png" alt="Setting LoRaWAN Data Rate to 3" /></p>
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<h2 id="message-interval" class="section-header"><a href="#message-interval">9.2 Message Interval</a></h2>
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<p><em>How often can we send data to the LoRaWAN Network?</em></p>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<p>From <a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/lorawan_test/blob/main/lorawan_test_main.c#L47-L56">lorawan_test_main.c</a></p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>/*!
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* Defines the application data transmission duty cycle. 40s, value in [ms].
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*/
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#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE 40000
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>// Defines the application data transmission duty cycle.
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// 40s, value in [ms].
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#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE 40000
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/*!
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* Defines a random delay for application data transmission duty cycle. 5s,
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* value in [ms].
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*/
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#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND 5000</code></pre></div>
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// Defines a random delay for application data transmission duty cycle.
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// 5s, value in [ms].
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#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND 5000</code></pre></div>
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<p>From <a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/lorawan_test/blob/main/lorawan_test_main.c#L260-L303">lorawan_test_main.c</a></p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[]) {
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// Compute the interval between transmissions based on Duty Cycle
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TxPeriodicity = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE +
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randr( -APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND, APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );</code></pre></div>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-c"><code>// Compute the interval between transmissions based on Duty Cycle
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TxPeriodicity = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE +
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randr( -APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND, APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );</code></pre></div>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/LoRaMac-node-nuttx/blob/master/src/boards/mcu/utilities.c#L48-L51">(<strong>randr</strong> is defined here)</a></p>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<h1 id="rerun-the-firmware" class="section-header"><a href="#rerun-the-firmware">10 Rerun The Firmware</a></h1>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>In the NuttX Shell, run our <strong>LoRaWAN Test App</strong>…</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-bash"><code>lorawan_test</code></pre></div>
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<p>Our app sends a <strong>Join Network Request</strong> to the LoRaWAN Gateway…</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-text"><code>RadioSetPublicNetwork: public syncword=3444
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DevEui : 4B-C1-5E-E7-37-7B-B1-5B
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JoinEui : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
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Pin : 00-00-00-00
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## =========== MLME-Request ============ ##
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## MLME_JOIN ##
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## ===================================== ##
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STATUS : OK</code></pre></div>
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<p>(Which contains the Device EUI and Join EUI that we have configured earlier)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>A few seconds later we should see the <strong>Join Network Response</strong> from the LoRaWAN Gateway…</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-text"><code>## =========== MLME-Confirm ============ ##
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STATUS : OK
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## =========== JOINED ============ ##
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OTAA
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DevAddr : 01DA9790
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DATA RATE : DR_2</code></pre></div>
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<p><a href="https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/83be5da091273bb39bad6e77cc91b68d">(See the Output Log)</a></p>
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<p>Congratulations our NuttX Device has successfully joined the LoRaWAN Network!</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If we see this instead…</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-text"><code>## =========== MLME-Confirm ============ ##
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STATUS : Rx 1 timeout</code></pre></div>
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<p><a href="https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/007788b9ea3974b127f6260bf57f5d8b">(See the Output Log)</a></p>
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<p>Our Join Network Request has failed.</p>
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<p>Check the next section for troubleshooting tips.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Our LoRaWAN Test App continues to <strong>transmit Data Packets</strong>. But we’ll cover this later…</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="language-text"><code>PrepareTxFrame: Transmit to LoRaWAN: Hi NuttX (9 bytes)
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PrepareTxFrame: status=0, maxSize=11, currentSize=11
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## =========== MCPS-Request ============ ##
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## MCPS_UNCONFIRMED ##
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## ===================================== ##
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STATUS : OK
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PrepareTxFrame: Transmit OK
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...
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## =========== MCPS-Confirm ============ ##
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STATUS : OK
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## ===== UPLINK FRAME 1 ===== ##
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CLASS : A
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TX PORT : 1
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TX DATA : UNCONFIRMED
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48 69 20 4E 75 74 74 58 00
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DATA RATE : DR_3
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U/L FREQ : 923400000
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TX POWER : 0
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CHANNEL MASK: 0003
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...
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PrepareTxFrame: Transmit to LoRaWAN: Hi NuttX (9 bytes)
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PrepareTxFrame: status=0, maxSize=53, currentSize=53
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## =========== MCPS-Request ============ ##
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## MCPS_UNCONFIRMED ##
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## ===================================== ##
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STATUS : OK
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PrepareTxFrame: Transmit OK
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...
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## =========== MCPS-Confirm ============ ##
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STATUS : OK
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## ===== UPLINK FRAME 1 ===== ##
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CLASS : A
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TX PORT : 1
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TX DATA : UNCONFIRMED
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48 69 20 4E 75 74 74 58 00
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DATA RATE : DR_3
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U/L FREQ : 923400000
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TX POWER : 0
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CHANNEL MASK: 0003</code></pre></div>
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<p><a href="https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/83be5da091273bb39bad6e77cc91b68d">(See the Output Log)</a></p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="check-lorawan-gateway-1" class="section-header"><a href="#check-lorawan-gateway-1">10.1 Check LoRaWAN Gateway</a></h2>
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<p>TODO</p>
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-chirpstack8.png" alt="Send Data" /></p>
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@ -743,10 +836,6 @@ static void PrepareTxFrame( void ) {
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<p>TODO65</p>
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-tx4a.png" alt="" /></p>
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<p><a href="https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/5fc07695a6c4bb48b5e4d10eb05ca9bf">(Log)</a></p>
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<p>Here’s how we increase the #LoRaWAN Data Rate to 3 in our #NuttX App</p>
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<p>TODO67</p>
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-tx5a.png" alt="" /></p>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/lupyuen/lorawan_test/blob/main/lorawan_test_main.c#L57-L70">(Source)</a></p>
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<p>#LoRaWAN Data Rate has been increased to 3 … Max Message Size is now 53 bytes for our #NuttX App</p>
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<p>TODO37</p>
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<p><img src="https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lorawan3-tx7a.png" alt="" /></p>
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