drivers/i3c: update i3c driver documentation

Signed-off-by: dongjiuzhu1 <dongjiuzhu1@xiaomi.com>

Documentation/components/drivers/index.rst

@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ Subdirectories of ``nuttx/drivers``
 
   I2S drivers and support logic.
 
+
+* ``i3c/`` :doc:`special/i3c`
+
+  I3C drivers and support logic.
+
 * ``input/`` :doc:`character/input/index`
 
   This directory holds implementations of human input device (HID) drivers.

Documentation/components/drivers/special/i3c.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+==================
+I3C Device Drivers
+==================
+
+The I3C (Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit) driver is a comprehensive software framework designed to
+support the advanced features of the I3C protocol. It comprises a system framework and underlying IP
+drivers, both of which are critical components for enabling seamless communication between I3C devices.
+The system framework, provided by vela os, offers user-level device nodes and kernel-level driver
+interfaces. Meanwhile, the underlying IP drivers, developed specifically for the I3C driver framework,
+handle the implementation of IP functionalities and the adaptation of framework-level interfaces.
+
+- Key Components of the I3C Driver Framework:
+
+ #. **Dynamic Addressing and Access**: One of the primary advancements of I3C over I2C is its support
+    for dynamic addressing. This allows for more flexible device management and addressing schemes.
+ #. **CCC (Common Command Codes) Support**: The I3C driver framework enables the transmission of CCC commands,
+    which extend the functionality and capabilities of I3C devices. Dynamic address allocation and
+    release commands are mandatory, while other CCC commands are optional and can be implemented as
+    needed.
+ #. **Data Transmission**: The framework supports both I3C and I2C device data transmission, ensuring
+    compatibility with existing I2C devices while leveraging the enhanced features of I3C.
+ #. **Interface Callbacks**: The I3C driver framework provides a set of callback interfaces that enable
+    IP drivers to interact with the framework layer. These include interfaces for dynamic address
+    configuration and release, CCC command transmission, I3C device data transmission, and I2C device
+    data transmission.
+
+- Data Structures and Interfaces:
+
+ #. **I3C Master Controller (struct i3c_master_controller)**: Represents an I3C controller and manages
+    basic software information for the I3C bus.
+ #. **I3C Bus Operation Callbacks (struct i3c_master_controller_ops)**: Enables application-level access
+    to I3C for data transmission and other operations. Key functions include bus_init for bus initialization,
+    attach_i3c_dev and attach_i2c_dev for device attachment, ccc_xfer for CCC command transmission, priv_xfers
+    for private data transmission, and i2c_xfers for I2C device data transmission.
+ #. **Data Structures for I2C and I3C Transmissions**: Separate structures (struct i2c_msg_s and struct i3c_priv_xfer)
+    are defined for encapsulating data transmitted to I2C and I3C devices, respectively.
+ #. **CCC Command Transmission (struct i3c_ccc_cmd)**: A dedicated structure for encapsulating CCC commands
+    transmitted to I3C devices.
+
+- Application Usage of I3C
+
+Applications interact with I3C devices through device nodes (/dev/i3cX for I3C and /dev/i2cX for I2C devices,
+where X represents the specific bus number). Standard file operations such as open, close, read, write, and ioctl are supported.
+
+- IOCTL Commands:
+
+  #. For I2C devices, IOCTL commands like I2C_TRANSFER and I2C_RESET are available, allowing applications to transmit
+     data and reset I2C devices.
+  #. For I3C devices, a range of IOCTL commands are provided, including I3CIOC_PRIV_XFERS for data transmission,
+     I3CIOC_EN_IBI and I3CIOC_DIS_IBI for enabling and disabling IBI (In-Band Interrupt) commands, I3CIOC_REQ_IBI and
+     I3CIOC_FREE_IBI for requesting and releasing IBI commands, and I3CIOC_GET_DEVINFO for retrieving device information.
+
+- Data Transmission Format:
+
+When transmitting data to I3C slave devices, applications must encapsulate their data in a struct i3c_transfer_s
+format. This structure includes fields such as target_addr for the slave device address, nxfers for the number of
+data frames to be transmitted, xfers for the data frame format, and additional fields for IBI operation requests and
+device information retrieval.
+
+- Provisional ID Implementation:
+
+Due to the use of dynamic addressing in I3C, devices may be identified using Provisional IDs (PIDs). These PIDs
+are encoded in the reg[3] array of the boardinfo structure, with specific rules for encoding manufacturer ID, part ID,
+instance ID, and extra information. This encoding scheme ensures unique identifiability of I3C devices, even when static
+addressing is not

Documentation/components/drivers/special/index.rst

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ following section.
   dma.rst
   framebuffer.rst
   i2c.rst
+  i3c.rst
   ioexpander.rst
   lcd.rst
   mtd.rst